Solar calibration // generated element record

Fe II Appendix

Fe II · measured products, uncertainty and reproducible evidence

Fe.json v1.223 · 30 Fe II products · 160 total

Solar Fe I anchor: 7.477 ± 0.052

HARPS · Reference Grade · Amarsi 3D-NLTE · n = 21. The selected Fe I product anchors this Solar appendix; products and engines are not averaged together.

Highlighted band products

near-UV

7.621 ± 0.124

Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-LTE · Gerber · Reference Grade · n = 12

Uncertainty budget closed for six of eight rows (RYA-1226); two Fe I Kitt Peak/molecfit rows keep a legacy bar pending their microturbulence bracket. On the migrated rows most of the quoted systematic is a conservative profile-width term carried from a measurement in another band.

VIS

7.531 ± 0.108

HARPS · Synth · 1D-NLTE · Bergemann · Deep Grade · n = 2

Error-bar forest

How to read this forest. Each measured row is a separate abundance product for an instrument, holding, line pool and treatment; engines are never averaged together. Solid bars show statistical uncertainty from the line measurements; wireframes show systematic uncertainty from the product’s adopted error budget, which does not average away with more lines. Green and gold regions mark the Asplund and Lodders literature values and uncertainties, not pass/fail gates. Grades describe the line pool’s provenance and selection, not the quality of an engine. Reddish-orange mean-3D / Frankenstein rows are experimental and not adopted. Unmeasured model rows remain N/A.

Grades and model labels
  • Reference Grade. An externally published reference line pool, using that reference’s line selection and oscillator strengths; the current Fe reference products use AGSS21. This is a provenance category, not a promise that every line has an individual primary-laboratory uncertainty.
  • Deep Grade. The corresponding laboratory-data pool above that depth gate. These stronger lines extend coverage but require particular care with saturation and blends.

1D-LTE uses a one-dimensional atmosphere with atomic populations in local thermodynamic equilibrium. 1D-NLTE allows departures from that equilibrium; the named implementation supplies the correction or synthesis treatment.

Synthesis fits the spectral line profile. See Methodology for the full model, line-selection and uncertainty procedures.

Asplund, Amarsi & Grevesse 2021 7.46 ± 0.04Lodders+ 2025 7.49 ± 0.01
blue solid = statistical σwireframe = systematic σblue = regular model resultreddish orange = experimental Frankenstein / Gerber mean-3D; not adoptedgreen = Asplund; gold = LoddersN/A = no product for this model
near-UV
Kitt Peak — Kurucz 2005 corrected Codex deep poolsolar_kpno_kurucz2005_corrected · DEEPGRADED (no graded product in this band)
EW · 1D-LTEno productN/A
Synth · 1D-LTEDeep Grade · n=127.617 ±0.052 stat ±0.110 syst
Synth · 1D-LTE · GerberDeep Grade · n=127.622 ±0.053 stat ±0.112 syst
EW · 1D-NLTE · Bergemannno productN/A
Synth · 1D-NLTE · BergemannDeep Grade · n=77.635 ±0.081 stat ±0.110 syst
Synth · 1D-NLTE · Gerberno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-LTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-NLTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · 3D-NLTE · Amarsi · lab-gfno productN/A
Kitt Peak — Kurucz 2005 corrected Reference poolsolar_kpno_kurucz2005_corrected
EW · 1D-LTEno productN/A
Synth · 1D-LTEReference Grade · n=127.617 ±0.052 stat ±0.114 syst
Synth · 1D-LTE · GerberReference Grade · n=127.621 ±0.052 stat ±0.112 syst
EW · 1D-NLTE · Bergemannno productN/A
Synth · 1D-NLTE · BergemannReference Grade · n=77.635 ±0.081 stat ±0.114 syst
Synth · 1D-NLTE · Gerberno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-LTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-NLTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · 3D-NLTE · Amarsi · lab-gfno productN/A
Kitt Peak — 1984 Molecfit corrected Codex deep poolsolar_kpno_molecfit_corrected · DEEPGRADED (no graded product in this band)
EW · 1D-LTEno productN/A
Synth · 1D-LTEDeep Grade · n=127.402 ±0.047 stat ±0.111 syst
Synth · 1D-LTE · GerberDeep Grade · n=127.422 ±0.045 stat ±0.118 syst
EW · 1D-NLTE · Bergemannno productN/A
Synth · 1D-NLTE · BergemannDeep Grade · n=77.404 ±0.051 stat ±0.110 syst
Synth · 1D-NLTE · Gerberno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-LTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-NLTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · 3D-NLTE · Amarsi · lab-gfno productN/A
Kitt Peak — 1984 Molecfit corrected Reference poolsolar_kpno_molecfit_corrected
EW · 1D-LTEno productN/A
Synth · 1D-LTEReference Grade · n=127.402 ±0.047 stat ±0.115 syst
Synth · 1D-LTE · GerberReference Grade · n=127.415 ±0.045 stat ±0.118 syst
EW · 1D-NLTE · Bergemannno productN/A
Synth · 1D-NLTE · BergemannReference Grade · n=77.404 ±0.051 stat ±0.114 syst
Synth · 1D-NLTE · Gerberno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-LTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-NLTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · 3D-NLTE · Amarsi · lab-gfno productN/A
7.267.397.527.657.78A(Fe) dex
VIS
Kitt Peak — Kurucz 2005 corrected Codex deep poolsolar_kpno_kurucz2005_corrected · DEEPGRADED (no graded product in this band)
EW · 1D-LTEno productN/A
Synth · 1D-LTEDeep Grade · n=87.571 ±0.147 stat ±0.108 syst
Synth · 1D-LTE · GerberDeep Grade · n=87.567 ±0.151 stat ±0.105 syst
EW · 1D-NLTE · Bergemannno productN/A
Synth · 1D-NLTE · BergemannDeep Grade · n=27.324 ±0.139 stat ±0.065 syst
Synth · 1D-NLTE · Gerberno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-LTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-NLTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · 3D-NLTE · Amarsi · lab-gfno productN/A
Kitt Peak — Kurucz 2005 corrected Reference poolsolar_kpno_kurucz2005_corrected
EW · 1D-LTEno productN/A
Synth · 1D-LTEReference Grade · n=87.571 ±0.147 stat ±0.108 syst
Synth · 1D-LTE · GerberReference Grade · n=87.567 ±0.151 stat ±0.105 syst
EW · 1D-NLTE · Bergemannno productN/A
Synth · 1D-NLTE · BergemannReference Grade · n=27.324 ±0.139 stat ±0.065 syst
Synth · 1D-NLTE · Gerberno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-LTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-NLTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · 3D-NLTE · Amarsi · lab-gfno productN/A
Kitt Peak — 1984 Molecfit corrected Codex deep poolsolar_kpno_molecfit_corrected · DEEPGRADED (no graded product in this band)
EW · 1D-LTEno productN/A
Synth · 1D-LTEDeep Grade · n=87.560 ±0.140 stat ±0.101 syst
Synth · 1D-LTE · GerberDeep Grade · n=87.556 ±0.144 stat ±0.106 syst
EW · 1D-NLTE · Bergemannno productN/A
Synth · 1D-NLTE · BergemannDeep Grade · n=27.328 ±0.131 stat ±0.065 syst
Synth · 1D-NLTE · Gerberno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-LTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-NLTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · 3D-NLTE · Amarsi · lab-gfno productN/A
Kitt Peak — 1984 Molecfit corrected Reference poolsolar_kpno_molecfit_corrected
EW · 1D-LTEno productN/A
Synth · 1D-LTEReference Grade · n=87.560 ±0.140 stat ±0.101 syst
Synth · 1D-LTE · GerberReference Grade · n=87.556 ±0.144 stat ±0.106 syst
EW · 1D-NLTE · Bergemannno productN/A
Synth · 1D-NLTE · BergemannReference Grade · n=27.328 ±0.131 stat ±0.065 syst
Synth · 1D-NLTE · Gerberno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-LTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-NLTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · 3D-NLTE · Amarsi · lab-gfno productN/A
HARPS Codex deep poolsolar_harps_molecfit_corrected · DEEPGRADED (no graded product in this band)
EW · 1D-LTEno productN/A
Synth · 1D-LTEDeep Grade · n=87.909 ±0.164 stat ±0.091 syst
Synth · 1D-LTE · GerberDeep Grade · n=87.925 ±0.167 stat ±0.101 syst
EW · 1D-NLTE · Bergemannno productN/A
Synth · 1D-NLTE · BergemannDeep Grade · n=27.531 ±0.086 stat ±0.065 syst
Synth · 1D-NLTE · Gerberno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-LTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-NLTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · 3D-NLTE · Amarsi · lab-gfno productN/A
HARPS Reference poolsolar_harps_molecfit_corrected
EW · 1D-LTEno productN/A
Synth · 1D-LTEReference Grade · n=87.909 ±0.164 stat ±0.091 syst
Synth · 1D-LTE · GerberReference Grade · n=87.925 ±0.167 stat ±0.101 syst
EW · 1D-NLTE · Bergemannno productN/A
Synth · 1D-NLTE · BergemannReference Grade · n=27.531 ±0.086 stat ±0.065 syst
Synth · 1D-NLTE · Gerberno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-LTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · <3D>-NLTE · Gerber · staggerno productN/A
Synth · 3D-NLTE · Amarsi · lab-gfno productN/A
7.157.407.647.888.12A(Fe) dex
Read all product values, including alternate line sets and experiments
  • HARPS · Synth · 1D-LTE · Deep Grade · solar_harps_molecfit_corrected · DEEPGRADED · SYNTH · 1D-LTE: 7.909 ± 0.187 reported total; n=8; ξ MEASURED
  • HARPS · Synth · 1D-NLTE · Bergemann · Deep Grade · solar_harps_molecfit_corrected · DEEPGRADED · SYNTH · ENGINE-A: 7.531 ± 0.108 reported total; n=2; ξ UNMEASURED · INCOMPLETE: no dA/dxi exists for this pool, so the xi term is absent from this bar rather than zero. The bar is a LOWER BOUND.
  • HARPS · Synth · 1D-LTE · Gerber · Deep Grade · solar_harps_molecfit_corrected · DEEPGRADED · SYNTH · synth-1D-LTE-gerber: 7.925 ± 0.195 reported total; n=8; ξ MEASURED
  • HARPS · Synth · 1D-LTE · Reference Grade · solar_harps_molecfit_corrected · REFERENCE · SYNTH · 1D-LTE: 7.909 ± 0.187 reported total; n=8; ξ MEASURED
  • HARPS · Synth · 1D-NLTE · Bergemann · Reference Grade · solar_harps_molecfit_corrected · REFERENCE · SYNTH · ENGINE-A: 7.531 ± 0.108 reported total; n=2; ξ UNMEASURED · INCOMPLETE: no dA/dxi exists for this pool, so the xi term is absent from this bar rather than zero. The bar is a LOWER BOUND.
  • HARPS · Synth · 1D-LTE · Gerber · Reference Grade · solar_harps_molecfit_corrected · REFERENCE · SYNTH · synth-1D-LTE-gerber: 7.925 ± 0.195 reported total; n=8; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-LTE · Deep Grade · solar_kpno_kurucz2005_corrected · DEEPGRADED · SYNTH · 1D-LTE: 7.571 ± 0.183 reported total; n=8; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-NLTE · Bergemann · Deep Grade · solar_kpno_kurucz2005_corrected · DEEPGRADED · SYNTH · ENGINE-A: 7.324 ± 0.153 reported total; n=2; ξ UNMEASURED · INCOMPLETE: no dA/dxi exists for this pool, so the xi term is absent from this bar rather than zero. The bar is a LOWER BOUND.
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-LTE · Gerber · Deep Grade · solar_kpno_kurucz2005_corrected · DEEPGRADED · SYNTH · synth-1D-LTE-gerber: 7.567 ± 0.184 reported total; n=8; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-LTE · Reference Grade · solar_kpno_kurucz2005_corrected · REFERENCE · SYNTH · 1D-LTE: 7.571 ± 0.183 reported total; n=8; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-NLTE · Bergemann · Reference Grade · solar_kpno_kurucz2005_corrected · REFERENCE · SYNTH · ENGINE-A: 7.324 ± 0.153 reported total; n=2; ξ UNMEASURED · INCOMPLETE: no dA/dxi exists for this pool, so the xi term is absent from this bar rather than zero. The bar is a LOWER BOUND.
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-LTE · Gerber · Reference Grade · solar_kpno_kurucz2005_corrected · REFERENCE · SYNTH · synth-1D-LTE-gerber: 7.567 ± 0.184 reported total; n=8; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-LTE · Deep Grade · solar_kpno_molecfit_corrected · DEEPGRADED · SYNTH · 1D-LTE: 7.560 ± 0.173 reported total; n=8; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-NLTE · Bergemann · Deep Grade · solar_kpno_molecfit_corrected · DEEPGRADED · SYNTH · ENGINE-A: 7.328 ± 0.146 reported total; n=2; ξ UNMEASURED · INCOMPLETE: no dA/dxi exists for this pool, so the xi term is absent from this bar rather than zero. The bar is a LOWER BOUND.
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-LTE · Gerber · Deep Grade · solar_kpno_molecfit_corrected · DEEPGRADED · SYNTH · synth-1D-LTE-gerber: 7.556 ± 0.179 reported total; n=8; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-LTE · Reference Grade · solar_kpno_molecfit_corrected · REFERENCE · SYNTH · 1D-LTE: 7.560 ± 0.173 reported total; n=8; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-NLTE · Bergemann · Reference Grade · solar_kpno_molecfit_corrected · REFERENCE · SYNTH · ENGINE-A: 7.328 ± 0.146 reported total; n=2; ξ UNMEASURED · INCOMPLETE: no dA/dxi exists for this pool, so the xi term is absent from this bar rather than zero. The bar is a LOWER BOUND.
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-LTE · Gerber · Reference Grade · solar_kpno_molecfit_corrected · REFERENCE · SYNTH · synth-1D-LTE-gerber: 7.556 ± 0.179 reported total; n=8; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-LTE · Deep Grade · solar_kpno_kurucz2005_corrected · DEEPGRADED · SYNTH · 1D-LTE: 7.617 ± 0.239 reported total; n=12; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-NLTE · Bergemann · Deep Grade · solar_kpno_kurucz2005_corrected · DEEPGRADED · SYNTH · ENGINE-A: 7.635 ± 0.251 reported total; n=7; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-LTE · Gerber · Deep Grade · solar_kpno_kurucz2005_corrected · DEEPGRADED · SYNTH · synth-1D-LTE-gerber: 7.622 ± 0.124 reported total; n=12; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-LTE · Reference Grade · solar_kpno_kurucz2005_corrected · REFERENCE · SYNTH · 1D-LTE: 7.617 ± 0.126 reported total; n=12; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-NLTE · Bergemann · Reference Grade · solar_kpno_kurucz2005_corrected · REFERENCE · SYNTH · ENGINE-A: 7.635 ± 0.140 reported total; n=7; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-LTE · Gerber · Reference Grade · solar_kpno_kurucz2005_corrected · REFERENCE · SYNTH · synth-1D-LTE-gerber: 7.621 ± 0.124 reported total; n=12; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-LTE · Deep Grade · solar_kpno_molecfit_corrected · DEEPGRADED · SYNTH · 1D-LTE: 7.402 ± 0.238 reported total; n=12; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-NLTE · Bergemann · Deep Grade · solar_kpno_molecfit_corrected · DEEPGRADED · SYNTH · ENGINE-A: 7.404 ± 0.243 reported total; n=7; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-LTE · Gerber · Deep Grade · solar_kpno_molecfit_corrected · DEEPGRADED · SYNTH · synth-1D-LTE-gerber: 7.422 ± 0.126 reported total; n=12; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-LTE · Reference Grade · solar_kpno_molecfit_corrected · REFERENCE · SYNTH · 1D-LTE: 7.402 ± 0.124 reported total; n=12; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-NLTE · Bergemann · Reference Grade · solar_kpno_molecfit_corrected · REFERENCE · SYNTH · ENGINE-A: 7.404 ± 0.125 reported total; n=7; ξ MEASURED
  • Kitt Peak · Synth · 1D-LTE · Gerber · Reference Grade · solar_kpno_molecfit_corrected · REFERENCE · SYNTH · synth-1D-LTE-gerber: 7.415 ± 0.126 reported total; n=12; ξ MEASURED

Solar iron context

Fe II traces singly ionized iron and is retained as an ionization and consistency diagnostic alongside Fe I, not an independent headline to average with it. The current resolved pool contains strong, saturation-sensitive lines and documented blend exclusions; the diagnostics below distinguish those limitations from model and holding differences.

Near-UV opacity — report and noted

Molecular opacity INCLUDED — OH A-X, NH, CH and CN violet, 6,223 VALD lines as Turbospectrum lists with the dominant isotopologue (RYA-1207). The band previously carried none: every molecular list iSpec ships begins at 400 nm. Measured PAIRED against a molecules-off run on the same code and pool, the lever is -0.047..-0.055 dex on Fe I and -0.276..-0.332 on Fe II, with chi2r median 81.8 -> 67.4 and control windows containing no molecular line bit-identical. RYA-1209 additionally curated out Fe I 3721.272 (systematic:K07 — gf attributed to a VALD3 reference that publishes no per-line uncertainty, no NIST accuracy class, so it never met the DEEPGRADED tier's lab-gf definition); the Fe I pool is 57 candidates and the budget clears at gf rung 3 (cited lab), 55/55 GF-LAB, RMS 0.0509 dex. RESIDUAL DEFICIT: the correction still UNDER-corrects — RYA-1204 measured synth/obs above 1 on 24 of 40 windows after it — so the band remains short of opacity by an amount not yet measured on this pool, and these values are a floor rather than a converged answer. sigma_syst is unchanged at 0.1122 because it is dominated by the 0.10 dex pseudo-continuum term, not by gf: the true continuum is never observed here. Not adopted for the headline. The headline is the per-band best-available product, selected from this feed by the publication generator rather than fixed as a constant: RYA-850 promoted the graded laboratory-gf pool to the PRIMARY reported value, and RYA-819 retired the earlier constructed anchor after showing its Magic-2013 correction wrong in both magnitude and shape. RYA-161: nothing calibrated to a target.

Frankenstein — experimental, pending the Bride

4 experimental products remain available in the Fe I product values and downloads.

RYA-1197 Part A: the Frankenstein mean-<3D> route is HELD FROM HEADLINE publication until the Bride validates it. It inflates A(Fe) by roughly +0.10 dex against the 1D siblings and exists on VIS/KP only, so it is not a comparable measurement of the same quantity. It stays in the feed deliberately: the LTE/NLTE mean-3D PAIR is the NLTE differential on ONE atmosphere (RYA-542), which is the diagnostic it is for. Not a headline value.

Saturation characterization

Committed proof census: 120 line/holding records; 100% have observed depth > 0.70. Median observed log10(EW[mÅ]/λ[Å]) = -1.252. In consistent Å units this is -4.252. These diagnostics characterize the audited saturated pool, not every newly added product.

Problem-line and model diagnostics

CH G-band artifact

CH G-band artifact
CH G-band blend artifact — the synthesis list cannot represent the dominant absorber · A = 10.0 (+2.5 dex). RYA-1191 blend audit: 66 catalogued transitions in the 0.62 A fit window, top contaminant CH I at 43.8% of the summed depth against Fe II's 11.1%. The VIS synthesis list GESv6_atom_hfs_iso carries 206 species and NOT ONE molecular, so the fit had nowhere to put the CH absorption except Fe II. RYA-515 independently counted 36 of 65 transitions as CH. The plot shows the committed transition census in the proof generator’s fit window; it is not a synthetic spectrum. Source evidence

Near-UV molecular opacity

Near-UV molecular opacity
molecules OFF vs ON on THE SAME CODE and the same pool. Differencing against the published values instead would have measured the molecular lever PLUS every code change since the feed was written on Sept 3 -- which is about -0.035 dex of the total. Source evidence

HARPS arm offset

HARPS arm offset
Current Fe II VIS products, separated by holding and engine. The arm offset persists after the curated CH artifact was removed. Source evidence

CRIRES+ H model coverage

CRIRES+ H model coverage
Included and excluded line counts from each current product. Excluded rows are not automatically failed fits; the per-line reason distinguishes unavailable NLTE coverage. Source evidence

Download the evidence

Download PDF — Solar Fe II appendix

6686 graded per-line measurements exported. Evidence for 22 graded products is missing or does not reproduce the feed; 0 exported lines lack an unambiguous gf match. The download is explicitly incomplete until those upstream records are supplied.

Reproducibility

Generator scripts/generate_fe_publication.py v1.0.0
Science source commit 74217457b5a004eac983f9e34eb23d5fc4b89fd7
Fe.json v1.223 · feed timestamp 2026-09-24T16:11:18Z
Generated 2026-09-24T16:34:16+00:00
Feed SHA-256 140e81ffc805708f97f1a1caede872c40cd5eef3e05580211ecf0ee6a0e72728

Refreshed product tracker · Build manifest · Fe I appendix

References